The first symptoms of oral cancer should not be ignored.
Oral cancer can develop in various areas: the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, palate, or floor of the mouth. According to the American Cancer Society, early detection significantly increases the chances of successful treatment.
The problem? Initial symptoms are often subtle and easy to miss. Therefore, vigilance and regular dental checkups are essential for prompt intervention.
In this article, we’ll look at the early symptoms of oral cancer, risk factors, and when you should see a doctor.
First symptoms to look out for
Persistent wounds that won’t heal
A canker sore that doesn’t heal within two weeks is one of the most common early symptoms. These lesions can appear on the lips, gums, or oral mucosa. They may be painless initially, but should never be ignored.
What to do: If your canker sore does not heal within two weeks, consult your dentist or doctor.
White or red spots in the mouth
A change in tissue color may be a signal of a pathological process:
Leukoplakia: white spots that cannot be removed.
Erythroplakia: red, velvety spots (most often precancerous or cancerous).
Mixed lesions: a combination of red and white areas.
Treatment: For stubborn stains, consult a doctor.
Unexplained bleeding
Bleeding for no apparent reason (injury, tooth brushing) may be a worrying sign.
What to do: If bleeding is recurrent or cannot be explained, consult your doctor.
Lumps, bumps, or roughness
Any lump, bump, or thickening of tissue in the mouth, tongue, or throat can be a warning sign. They are often painless initially, but they can enlarge over time.
What to do: If you notice any of these changes, consult your dentist or doctor.
Tingling or pain in the mouth and lips
Persistent numbness, tingling, or pain in the lips, tongue, or chin may be caused by nerve damage.
Action: If discomfort persists, consult a doctor.
Difficulty chewing or swallowing
Difficulty eating, swallowing, or moving your tongue or jaw may be a symptom of mouth or throat cancer.
Treatment: Do not ignore these symptoms and consult a doctor.
Persistent bad breath
Chronic bad breath (halitosis) that doesn’t improve with brushing or mouthwash may indicate more serious problems, such as infection or tissue damage.
What to do: Talk to your dentist or doctor.
Risk factors for oral cancer
Certain habits and conditions increase the risk:
Tobacco use (smoking or chewing)
Excessive alcohol consumption
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Excessive sun exposure (lip cancer)
Age over 40
Poor diet and nutrient deficiencies
If you fall into any of these categories, regular preventive checkups are even more important.
Why regular checkups are important
Dentists are trained to detect early signs of oral cancer during routine checkups. The Mayo Clinic recommends visiting your dentist at least twice a year—a simple step that could save your life.
When to see a doctor
If any of the following symptoms persist for more than two weeks, consult your doctor or dentist:
Sores or spots in the mouth
Unusual lumps or growths
Persistent pain, numbness, or bleeding
Difficulty chewing or swallowing
Unexplained bad breath
Application
Oral cancer is treatable if detected early, but its early symptoms are often subtle and painless. Vigilance, monitoring for oral changes, and regular dental checkups are essential for early detection and effective treatment.
Most importantly, don’t ignore persistent oral lesions. Prompt intervention could save your life.
This article is for informational purposes only. Avoid self-medication and always consult a qualified physician before using any information contained herein. The editorial team does not guarantee any results and is not liable for any damages resulting from its use.
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